基础的英语必备小知识

时间:2023-09-09 11:40:49编辑:舞蹈君

基础的英语必备小知识

一、一个星期七天

二、一年十二个月

三、一年四季

四、容易拼写错的数字

1.eighth第八2.ninth第九3.forty四十4.twelfth第十二5.twentieth第二十

五、亲属称呼

1.daughter(女儿)2.niece(女性晚辈)3.nephew(男性晚辈)4.cousin(同辈兄弟姐妹)5.aunt(女性长辈)6.uncle(男性长辈)

六、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母

1.regret(regretted,regretting)后悔2.control(controlled,controlling)控制

3.admit(admitted,admitting)承认4.occur(occurred,occurring)出现

5.prefer(preferred,preferring)宁愿6.refer(referred,referring)提到

7.forget(forgetting)忘记8.permit(permitted,permitting)允许

9.equip(equipped,equipping)装备

注意:quarrel,signal,travel中的l可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语)

七、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词

1.broadcast(broadcast,broadcast)广播2.flee(fled,fled)逃跑

3.forbid(forbade,forbidden)禁止4.forgive(forgave,forgiven)原谅

5.freeze(froze,frozen)结冰6.hang(作“绞死”讲,是规则的;作“悬挂”讲,其过去式过去分词都是hung)

7.lie–lied–lied说谎;lie—lay---lain躺下lay-laid-laid放置8.seek(sought,sought)寻求

9.shake(shook,shaken)发抖10.sing(sang,sung)唱歌

11.sink(sank,sunk/sunken)下沉12.spread(spread,spread)传播

13.swim(swam,swum)游泳14.tear(tore,torn)撕碎

16.wear(wore;worn)穿/戴17.hold(held,held)18.make(made,made)19.keep(kept,kept)

八、意思相近的词

1.check(核对)/examine(检查)/test(测试)2.receive(收到)/accept(接受)

3.destroy(毁坏;毁灭)/damage(破坏)4.celebrate(庆祝)/congratulate(祝贺)

5.wearsth/dresssb穿衣

九、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化

1.long—length长度2.wide—width宽度3.high—height高度4.strong—strength力量

以-ic结尾的动词,应先把-ic变为-ick,再加ing或ed

1.picnic(picnicked,picnicking)野餐

十、个别名词的复数拼写

1.German(Germans)德国人2.gulf(gulfs)海湾

3.handkerchief(handkerchiefs)手帕roof(roofs)房顶

4.hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红柿)等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。

十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化

1.succeed—success成功2.pronounce—pronunciation发音3.explain—explanation解释

4.decide—decision决定5.enter—entrance进入6.permit—permission允许

7.consider—consideration考虑8.expect—expectation期待9.discover—discovery发现

10.bury—burial埋葬11.conclude—conclusion得出结论12.arrive—arrival到达

13.weigh—weight重量14.describe—description描述15.lose—loss损失

16.anxious---anxiety焦虑

十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化

1.beautiful美丽的—beautifully2.possible可能的—possibly

3.practical实际的—practically4.particular特别的—particularly

5.successful成功的—successfully

十三、常用英汉互译知识

1.元宵节:LanternFestival2.刺绣:embroidery

3.重阳节:Double-NinthFestival4.清明节:Tombsweepingday

5.剪纸:PaperCutting6.书法:Calligraphy

7.对联:(SpringFestival)Couplets8.象形文字:
Pictograms/PictographicCharacters

9.人才流动:BrainDrain/BrainFlow10.四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle11.战国:WarringStates

12.风水:Fengshui/GeomanticOmen13.铁饭碗:IronBowl

14.函授部:
TheCorrespondenceDepartment15.集体舞:GroupDance

16.黄土高原:LoessPlateau17.红白喜事:WeddingsandFunerals

18.中秋节:Mid-AutumnDay19.结婚证:MarriageCertificate

20.儒家文化:ConfucianCulture21.附属学校:Affiliatedschool

22.古装片:CostumeDrama23.武打片:ChineseSwordplayMovie

24.元宵:
Tangyuan/SweetRiceDumpling(Soup)25.一国两制:OneCountry,TwoSystems

26.火锅:HotPot27.四人帮:GangofFour

28.《诗经》:TheBookofSongs

29.素质教育:
Essential-qualities-orientedEducation

30.《史记》:
HistoricalRecords/RecordsoftheGrandHistorian

31.大跃进:GreatLeapForward(Movement)

32.《西游记》:TheJourneytotheWest

33.除夕:ChineseNewYear’
sEve/EveoftheSpringFestival

34.针灸:Acupuncture

35.唐三彩:
Tri-colorPotteryoftheTangDynasty/TheTangTri-coloredpottery

36.中国特色的社会主义:
Chinese-characteredSocialist/SocialistwithChinesecharacteristics

37.偏旁:radical

38.孟子:Mencius

39.亭/阁:Pavilion/Attic

40.大中型国有企业:
LargeandMedium-sizedState-ownedEnterprises

41.火药:gunpowder

42.农历:LunarCalendar

43.印/玺:Seal/Stamp

44.物质精神文明建设:
TheConstructionofMaterialCivilizationandSpiritualCivilization

45.京剧:BeijingOpera/PekingOpera

46.秦腔:
CryingofQinPeople/QinOpera

47.太极拳:TaiChi

48.独生子女证:TheCertificateofOne-child

49.天坛:AltarofHeaveninBeijing

50.小吃摊:SnackBar/SnackStand

51.红双喜:DoubleHappiness

52.政治辅导员:
PoliticalCounselor/SchoolCounselor

53.春卷:SpringRoll(s)

54.莲藕:LotusRoot

55.追星族:StarStruck

56.故宫博物院:ThePalaceMuseum

57.相声:Cross-talk/ComicDialogue

58.下岗:Layoff/Laidoff

59.北京烤鸭:BeijingRoastDuck

60.高等自学考试:
Self-taughtExaminationofHigherEducation

61.烟花爆竹:fireworksandfirecracker

62.敦煌莫高窟:MogaoCaves

63.电视小品:TVSketch/TVSkit

64.香港澳门同胞:
CompatriotsfromHongKongandMacao

65.文化大革命:CulturalRevolution

66.长江中下游地区:
TheMid-lowReachesofYangtzeRiver

67.门当户对:PerfectMatch/ExactMatch

68.《水浒》:
WaterMargin/OutlawsoftheMarsh

69.中外合资企业:JointVentures

70.文房四宝(笔墨纸砚):"TheFourTreasureoftheStudy""Brush,Inkstick,Paper,andInkstone"。

十四、其它必背单词

1.abroad国外

2.absencen.缺席(absentadj.)

3.accept接受)

4.accident事故(accidentaladj.偶然的,accidentallyadv.偶然地)

5.achievement成就(achievev.获得)

6.address地址

7.admire钦佩

8.admit承认(admitted)

9.agreement协议

10.agriculture农业(agriculturaladj.农业的)industry工业(industrial工业的)

11.altogether总共

12.ancient古代的

13.announce宣告、通知announcement(n.口头通知)

14.anxiety忧虑(anxiousadj.焦急的,anxiouslyadv.焦急地)

15.apologizev.道歉(apologyn.道歉)

16.appear出现(appearance外貌n.)disappear消失/不见

17.appreciate感激/欣赏(感激人用thanksb;谢谢某人做的事用appreciatesth.)

18.Asian(亚洲的)

19.assistant助手

20.astonish吃惊(astonishmentn.吃惊,astonishing令吃惊的,astonished吃惊的)

21.astronaut宇航员

22.atmosphere气氛

23.attempt尝试(n/v)attempttodosth

24.attentively专心地

25.attention专心payattentiontodoingsth

26.attitude态度

27.attract吸引(attraction吸引力)

28.average平均/平均的onaverage平均

30.balance平衡keepthebalanceofnature保持生态平衡

31.beauty美(beautiful,beautifully)beautify美化

32.believe相信(beliefn.信念,其复数是beliefs)

33.beyond超过

34.biology生物

35.birthday生日

36.bravery勇敢brave勇敢的bravely勇敢地

37.broad宽阔的

38.broadcast广播(broadcastbroadcast;)

39.care关心careful小心的carefully小心地

40.ceiling天花板

41.cinema电影院

42.celebrate庆祝

43.celebration庆祝n.

44.century世纪

45.challenge挑战

46.character性格

47.charge收费bechargeof/takechargeof管理?

48.comfortv.&n.安慰comfortable舒适的adj.comfortablyadv.舒适地

50.comment评论

51.communicate(vt)communication(n)交流

52.competition竞赛(competev.竞赛competitor竞赛者)

53.composition作文

54.concert音乐会

55.concludev.conclusionn.结论

56.condition情况(conditions条件)

57.concern关心(vt)

58.congratulations祝贺(congratulatev.)

59.constant不断的constantly不断地

60.construction(建设)

61.continue继续

62.contribution贡献(contributev.)makecontributionsto对?做出贡献

63.convenient(adj.)方便的conveniently方便地

64.conversation谈话

65.coughing咳嗽

66.cousin表兄弟

67.cruel的(adj.cruelly残酷地adv.)

68.curious好奇的(curiosityn.好奇)

69.culture(cultural文化的adj.)

70.customer顾客

72.custom习俗

73.destroy毁灭(其过去式是destroyed)

74.declare宣称

75.delicious美味

76.damage损坏

77.determined有决心的bedeterminedtodosth决心做某事

78.develop发展(developmentn.developing发展中的,developed发达的)

79.dialogue对话

80.diary日记(dairy奶制品)

81.difference不同点(复数differences)different不同的differently不同地
differfrombedifferentfrommakedifferences

82.disappointed失望的(disappointing让人失望的)

83.disappointment失望

84.discovery发现(复数discoveries,动词discover,发现者discoverer)

85.disturb打扰86.dollar美元(其复数是dollars)87.downstairs楼下upstairs楼上

88.dream梦想(其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)

89.electricity电(electrical电的,electric电的)

90.employ雇用(employmentn.employer雇主,employee雇员)

91.empty倒空(可用动词,其过去式是emptied)

92.encourage鼓励(encouraging,encouraged,encouragementn.)encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事

93.energy能量

94.envelope信封

95.envyn.妒忌

96.equal(平等的)equality平等

97.equipment设备

98.especially尤其是

99.essential(重要的)

100.European欧洲人

101.event事件

107.expert专家

102.excellent极好(
excellencen.excellentlyadv.)

104.exhibition展览

105.expense耗费expensive昂贵的

106.experience经验/经历(experienced有经验的)anunusualexperience一次不同寻常的经历havemuchexperience经验丰富

108.express(vt)表达expression(n)

107.impress印象impression(n.)

109.failv.失败failuren.失败failtodosth没做成某事

110.familiar(熟悉的)befamiliarto/with

112.favorite最喜爱的flexible灵活的

113.figure人物/数字

114.finger手指

115.flight飞行

116.forehead前额

117.foreign(外国的)

118.fortunate幸运的fortunately幸运地unfortunately不幸运地

119.forward向前

120.freezing极冷的(frozen冷冻的)

121.frequently经常地

122.furniture家具

123.far远的further进一步的

124.generally大概generallyspeaking一般来说

125.geography地理

126.Germany德国

127.government政府

128.gradual逐渐的gradually逐渐地

129.graduation毕业(graduatefrom毕业于)

130.grammar语法

131.habit习惯formahabitof养成?习惯

132.handkerchief手绢)

133.honest诚实的honesty诚实

134.honor/honour荣誉

135.imagination想象力(imaginev.)

136.immediate(立即的)immediately马上(adv)

139.incident小事件

140.including包括(includev.)

141.independent独立的

142.industry工业(industrialadj.工业的)

143.information信息

144.instrument仪器

145.institute学院

146.inspire激励(inspirationn.inspiring鼓舞人心的,inspired受鼓舞的)

147.interest兴趣interesting有兴趣的beinterestedin对?感兴趣

148.interrupt打断

150.introduce介绍(introductionn.)

151.regular规则的irregular不规则的

152.journey旅程

153.judge判断(judgment)judgingfrom根据?来判断

154.kindergarten幼儿园

155.knowledge知识

156.labor/labour劳动

157.late迟的late1y最近

158.laugh笑laughter笑声

159.law法律lawyer律师legal合法的illegal非法的160.library图书馆librarian图书馆理员

161.lose掉失,(lost,lost)loss损失n.

162.luck幸运lucky幸运的luckily幸运地

163.magazine杂志

164.majority(大多数)

166.manage设法(manager经理,management管理)managetodo设法做到..

167.market(市场)supermarket超市

168.marriage结婚(marryv.结婚,married已婚的)getmarriedto与某人结婚

169.material(s)材料)

171.mayor市长

172.mean(意味、打算)meaning意义meaningful有意义的

173.measure测量takemeasures采取措施

174.medal奖章(比较:model模型metal金属)

175.memory记忆力(memorizev.记住,remember记得)

176.message口信

178.modern现代的

179.modest谦虚的

180.monitor班长

181.moustache胡子

182.murder谋杀(murderer凶手)

183.music音乐musical音乐的musician音乐家

184.mysterious神秘的(mystery神秘)

185.nationality国籍(nation国家,national国家的)

186.nature自然natural自然的)

187.naughty淘气的

188.normal正常的

190.necessary必要itisnecessaryforsbtodosth某人有必要做某事

191.obey(遵守)break违反

192.obvious明显的obviously明显地

193.offer主动提供)offertodosth主动做某事

194.operate动手术operation手术

195.opportunity机会(=chance)

196.ordinary普通的

197.organize/organise(组织)organization组织

198.particularly特别是

199.passenger旅客

200.problem难题question问题

201.patience耐心patient耐心的;病人(patiently耐心地)

203.perfect完美(的)(perfectly)Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧

204.perform(表演)

205.perhaps或许

206.period时期

207.permit许可vtpermission许可n

208.persuaded(说服)

209.phenomenon现象phenomena现象(复数)

210.physicist物理学家

211.pilot(飞行员)

212.poisonous有毒的(poison)

213.political政治的(politics)

214.popular受欢迎的

215.population人口

216.position职位

217.possibility(-ies)可能性(possible可能的)

218.poverty贫穷n(poor贫穷的)

220.practice实践practical(可实施的,实际的)

221.prepare(准备)preparation

222.press压/按pressure(压力)

223.pretend假装pretendtodosth假装做某事

224.professor教授

225.profit利润

226.progress进步makegoodprogress进步很大

227.pronounce发音pronunciation(n.发音)

228.provide提供(比较:
supply/providesbwithsthoffersbsth提供某人某物,

229.public公众

230.purpose目的onpurpose故意地

231.quality质量/素质

232.quantity(数量

233.realize(实现vt)realityn.现实

234.receive收到

235.recently(最近=lately)

236.recycle(循环再用)

237.recognize认出

238.regards问候givemyregardstosb请带我向某人问候

239.remind提醒remindsbofsth提醒某人某物

240.repeatvt.重复(repetitionn.重复)

241.respect尊敬

242.restaurant餐馆

244.satisfaction满意(satisfy,satisfied,satisfying)

246.Saturday(星期六)

247.scientific科学的

248.scientific科学的

249.secretary秘书

250.secretly(秘密地)

251.separately单独地

252.separate(单独的adj、分开vt)

253.serious严重的(seriously)

254.serve(v)–service(n)服务

255.shortcoming缺点

256.silence安静(silent安静的-silently安静地)

257.succeed(vi)成功success(n)成功successful(adj)成功的successfully(adv)Succeedindoingsth成功做某事(=besuccessfultodosth)

258.similar类似的(similarity–ies相似之处)

259.situation形势/情况

260.slightly(稍微)

261.society社会(socialadj.社会的)

262.southern(南方的)northern北方的western西方的eastern东方的

263.special特别的

264.species物种(单复数同形)

265.spring春天

266.square平方

267.steal–stole--stolen(偷)

268.straight(直的)

269.suit合适suitable合适的

270.support支持/支撑supportthefamily养家糊口

271.surprise吃惊toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是besurprisedat对..感到吃惊

272.surround包围surrounding周围的surroundings环境

273.swimming(游泳n.)

276.temperature温度

284.umbrella(雨伞)

274.technique技术(technicaladj.技术的)

275.technology技术

276.theory理论intheory理论上

277.thirst渴nthirsty口渴的adj

278.thorough彻底的

289.total合计

280.traffic交通trafficjam塞车

281.translate翻译translation翻译translator翻译家

282.interpret解说,interpreter口语翻译)

283.usual平常的unusual不寻常的unusually不寻常地

284.unwilling不愿意(willingadj.愿意willn.意志)bewillingtodo愿意做?

285.vacation假期(=holiday)

286.various各种各样的(varietyn.种类)

287.victim受害者

288.victory胜利

289.vocabulary词汇

290.voyage航行

291.waste(浪费)It’sawastetodosth做某事时一种浪费

292.wealth财富

293.weather天气whether是否

294.whisper低语

295.worship崇拜

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