基础的英语必备小知识
一、一个星期七天
二、一年十二个月
三、一年四季
四、容易拼写错的数字
1.eighth第八2.ninth第九3.forty四十4.twelfth第十二5.twentieth第二十
五、亲属称呼
1.daughter(女儿)2.niece(女性晚辈)3.nephew(男性晚辈)4.cousin(同辈兄弟姐妹)5.aunt(女性长辈)6.uncle(男性长辈)
六、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母
1.regret(regretted,regretting)后悔2.control(controlled,controlling)控制
3.admit(admitted,admitting)承认4.occur(occurred,occurring)出现
5.prefer(preferred,preferring)宁愿6.refer(referred,referring)提到
7.forget(forgetting)忘记8.permit(permitted,permitting)允许
9.equip(equipped,equipping)装备
注意:quarrel,signal,travel中的l可双写(英国英语)也可不双写(美国英语)
七、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词
1.broadcast(broadcast,broadcast)广播2.flee(fled,fled)逃跑
3.forbid(forbade,forbidden)禁止4.forgive(forgave,forgiven)原谅
5.freeze(froze,frozen)结冰6.hang(作“绞死”讲,是规则的;作“悬挂”讲,其过去式过去分词都是hung)
7.lie–lied–lied说谎;lie—lay---lain躺下lay-laid-laid放置8.seek(sought,sought)寻求
9.shake(shook,shaken)发抖10.sing(sang,sung)唱歌
11.sink(sank,sunk/sunken)下沉12.spread(spread,spread)传播
13.swim(swam,swum)游泳14.tear(tore,torn)撕碎
16.wear(wore;worn)穿/戴17.hold(held,held)18.make(made,made)19.keep(kept,kept)
八、意思相近的词
1.check(核对)/examine(检查)/test(测试)2.receive(收到)/accept(接受)
3.destroy(毁坏;毁灭)/damage(破坏)4.celebrate(庆祝)/congratulate(祝贺)
5.wearsth/dresssb穿衣
九、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化
1.long—length长度2.wide—width宽度3.high—height高度4.strong—strength力量
以-ic结尾的动词,应先把-ic变为-ick,再加ing或ed
1.picnic(picnicked,picnicking)野餐
十、个别名词的复数拼写
1.German(Germans)德国人2.gulf(gulfs)海湾
3.handkerchief(handkerchiefs)手帕roof(roofs)房顶
4.hero(英雄),potato(土豆),tomato(西红柿)等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。
十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化
1.succeed—success成功2.pronounce—pronunciation发音3.explain—explanation解释
4.decide—decision决定5.enter—entrance进入6.permit—permission允许
7.consider—consideration考虑8.expect—expectation期待9.discover—discovery发现
10.bury—burial埋葬11.conclude—conclusion得出结论12.arrive—arrival到达
13.weigh—weight重量14.describe—description描述15.lose—loss损失
16.anxious---anxiety焦虑
十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化
1.beautiful美丽的—beautifully2.possible可能的—possibly
3.practical实际的—practically4.particular特别的—particularly
5.successful成功的—successfully
十三、常用英汉互译知识
1.元宵节:LanternFestival2.刺绣:embroidery
3.重阳节:Double-NinthFestival4.清明节:Tombsweepingday
5.剪纸:PaperCutting6.书法:Calligraphy
7.对联:(SpringFestival)Couplets8.象形文字:
Pictograms/PictographicCharacters
9.人才流动:BrainDrain/BrainFlow10.四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle11.战国:WarringStates
12.风水:Fengshui/GeomanticOmen13.铁饭碗:IronBowl
14.函授部:
TheCorrespondenceDepartment15.集体舞:GroupDance
16.黄土高原:LoessPlateau17.红白喜事:WeddingsandFunerals
18.中秋节:Mid-AutumnDay19.结婚证:MarriageCertificate
20.儒家文化:ConfucianCulture21.附属学校:Affiliatedschool
22.古装片:CostumeDrama23.武打片:ChineseSwordplayMovie
24.元宵:
Tangyuan/SweetRiceDumpling(Soup)25.一国两制:OneCountry,TwoSystems
26.火锅:HotPot27.四人帮:GangofFour
28.《诗经》:TheBookofSongs
29.素质教育:
Essential-qualities-orientedEducation
30.《史记》:
HistoricalRecords/RecordsoftheGrandHistorian
31.大跃进:GreatLeapForward(Movement)
32.《西游记》:TheJourneytotheWest
33.除夕:ChineseNewYear’
sEve/EveoftheSpringFestival
34.针灸:Acupuncture
35.唐三彩:
Tri-colorPotteryoftheTangDynasty/TheTangTri-coloredpottery
36.中国特色的社会主义:
Chinese-characteredSocialist/SocialistwithChinesecharacteristics
37.偏旁:radical
38.孟子:Mencius
39.亭/阁:Pavilion/Attic
40.大中型国有企业:
LargeandMedium-sizedState-ownedEnterprises
41.火药:gunpowder
42.农历:LunarCalendar
43.印/玺:Seal/Stamp
44.物质精神文明建设:
TheConstructionofMaterialCivilizationandSpiritualCivilization
45.京剧:BeijingOpera/PekingOpera
46.秦腔:
CryingofQinPeople/QinOpera
47.太极拳:TaiChi
48.独生子女证:TheCertificateofOne-child
49.天坛:AltarofHeaveninBeijing
50.小吃摊:SnackBar/SnackStand
51.红双喜:DoubleHappiness
52.政治辅导员:
PoliticalCounselor/SchoolCounselor
53.春卷:SpringRoll(s)
54.莲藕:LotusRoot
55.追星族:StarStruck
56.故宫博物院:ThePalaceMuseum
57.相声:Cross-talk/ComicDialogue
58.下岗:Layoff/Laidoff
59.北京烤鸭:BeijingRoastDuck
60.高等自学考试:
Self-taughtExaminationofHigherEducation
61.烟花爆竹:fireworksandfirecracker
62.敦煌莫高窟:MogaoCaves
63.电视小品:TVSketch/TVSkit
64.香港澳门同胞:
CompatriotsfromHongKongandMacao
65.文化大革命:CulturalRevolution
66.长江中下游地区:
TheMid-lowReachesofYangtzeRiver
67.门当户对:PerfectMatch/ExactMatch
68.《水浒》:
WaterMargin/OutlawsoftheMarsh
69.中外合资企业:JointVentures
70.文房四宝(笔墨纸砚):"TheFourTreasureoftheStudy""Brush,Inkstick,Paper,andInkstone"。
十四、其它必背单词
1.abroad国外
2.absencen.缺席(absentadj.)
3.accept接受)
4.accident事故(accidentaladj.偶然的,accidentallyadv.偶然地)
5.achievement成就(achievev.获得)
6.address地址
7.admire钦佩
8.admit承认(admitted)
9.agreement协议
10.agriculture农业(agriculturaladj.农业的)industry工业(industrial工业的)
11.altogether总共
12.ancient古代的
13.announce宣告、通知announcement(n.口头通知)
14.anxiety忧虑(anxiousadj.焦急的,anxiouslyadv.焦急地)
15.apologizev.道歉(apologyn.道歉)
16.appear出现(appearance外貌n.)disappear消失/不见
17.appreciate感激/欣赏(感激人用thanksb;谢谢某人做的事用appreciatesth.)
18.Asian(亚洲的)
19.assistant助手
20.astonish吃惊(astonishmentn.吃惊,astonishing令吃惊的,astonished吃惊的)
21.astronaut宇航员
22.atmosphere气氛
23.attempt尝试(n/v)attempttodosth
24.attentively专心地
25.attention专心payattentiontodoingsth
26.attitude态度
27.attract吸引(attraction吸引力)
28.average平均/平均的onaverage平均
30.balance平衡keepthebalanceofnature保持生态平衡
31.beauty美(beautiful,beautifully)beautify美化
32.believe相信(beliefn.信念,其复数是beliefs)
33.beyond超过
34.biology生物
35.birthday生日
36.bravery勇敢brave勇敢的bravely勇敢地
37.broad宽阔的
38.broadcast广播(broadcastbroadcast;)
39.care关心careful小心的carefully小心地
40.ceiling天花板
41.cinema电影院
42.celebrate庆祝
43.celebration庆祝n.
44.century世纪
45.challenge挑战
46.character性格
47.charge收费bechargeof/takechargeof管理?
48.comfortv.&n.安慰comfortable舒适的adj.comfortablyadv.舒适地
50.comment评论
51.communicate(vt)communication(n)交流
52.competition竞赛(competev.竞赛competitor竞赛者)
53.composition作文
54.concert音乐会
55.concludev.conclusionn.结论
56.condition情况(conditions条件)
57.concern关心(vt)
58.congratulations祝贺(congratulatev.)
59.constant不断的constantly不断地
60.construction(建设)
61.continue继续
62.contribution贡献(contributev.)makecontributionsto对?做出贡献
63.convenient(adj.)方便的conveniently方便地
64.conversation谈话
65.coughing咳嗽
66.cousin表兄弟
67.cruel的(adj.cruelly残酷地adv.)
68.curious好奇的(curiosityn.好奇)
69.culture(cultural文化的adj.)
70.customer顾客
72.custom习俗
73.destroy毁灭(其过去式是destroyed)
74.declare宣称
75.delicious美味
76.damage损坏
77.determined有决心的bedeterminedtodosth决心做某事
78.develop发展(developmentn.developing发展中的,developed发达的)
79.dialogue对话
80.diary日记(dairy奶制品)
81.difference不同点(复数differences)different不同的differently不同地
differfrombedifferentfrommakedifferences
82.disappointed失望的(disappointing让人失望的)
83.disappointment失望
84.discovery发现(复数discoveries,动词discover,发现者discoverer)
85.disturb打扰86.dollar美元(其复数是dollars)87.downstairs楼下upstairs楼上
88.dream梦想(其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)
89.electricity电(electrical电的,electric电的)
90.employ雇用(employmentn.employer雇主,employee雇员)
91.empty倒空(可用动词,其过去式是emptied)
92.encourage鼓励(encouraging,encouraged,encouragementn.)encouragesbtodosth鼓励某人做某事
93.energy能量
94.envelope信封
95.envyn.妒忌
96.equal(平等的)equality平等
97.equipment设备
98.especially尤其是
99.essential(重要的)
100.European欧洲人
101.event事件
107.expert专家
102.excellent极好(
excellencen.excellentlyadv.)
104.exhibition展览
105.expense耗费expensive昂贵的
106.experience经验/经历(experienced有经验的)anunusualexperience一次不同寻常的经历havemuchexperience经验丰富
108.express(vt)表达expression(n)
107.impress印象impression(n.)
109.failv.失败failuren.失败failtodosth没做成某事
110.familiar(熟悉的)befamiliarto/with
112.favorite最喜爱的flexible灵活的
113.figure人物/数字
114.finger手指
115.flight飞行
116.forehead前额
117.foreign(外国的)
118.fortunate幸运的fortunately幸运地unfortunately不幸运地
119.forward向前
120.freezing极冷的(frozen冷冻的)
121.frequently经常地
122.furniture家具
123.far远的further进一步的
124.generally大概generallyspeaking一般来说
125.geography地理
126.Germany德国
127.government政府
128.gradual逐渐的gradually逐渐地
129.graduation毕业(graduatefrom毕业于)
130.grammar语法
131.habit习惯formahabitof养成?习惯
132.handkerchief手绢)
133.honest诚实的honesty诚实
134.honor/honour荣誉
135.imagination想象力(imaginev.)
136.immediate(立即的)immediately马上(adv)
139.incident小事件
140.including包括(includev.)
141.independent独立的
142.industry工业(industrialadj.工业的)
143.information信息
144.instrument仪器
145.institute学院
146.inspire激励(inspirationn.inspiring鼓舞人心的,inspired受鼓舞的)
147.interest兴趣interesting有兴趣的beinterestedin对?感兴趣
148.interrupt打断
150.introduce介绍(introductionn.)
151.regular规则的irregular不规则的
152.journey旅程
153.judge判断(judgment)judgingfrom根据?来判断
154.kindergarten幼儿园
155.knowledge知识
156.labor/labour劳动
157.late迟的late1y最近
158.laugh笑laughter笑声
159.law法律lawyer律师legal合法的illegal非法的160.library图书馆librarian图书馆理员
161.lose掉失,(lost,lost)loss损失n.
162.luck幸运lucky幸运的luckily幸运地
163.magazine杂志
164.majority(大多数)
166.manage设法(manager经理,management管理)managetodo设法做到..
167.market(市场)supermarket超市
168.marriage结婚(marryv.结婚,married已婚的)getmarriedto与某人结婚
169.material(s)材料)
171.mayor市长
172.mean(意味、打算)meaning意义meaningful有意义的
173.measure测量takemeasures采取措施
174.medal奖章(比较:model模型metal金属)
175.memory记忆力(memorizev.记住,remember记得)
176.message口信
178.modern现代的
179.modest谦虚的
180.monitor班长
181.moustache胡子
182.murder谋杀(murderer凶手)
183.music音乐musical音乐的musician音乐家
184.mysterious神秘的(mystery神秘)
185.nationality国籍(nation国家,national国家的)
186.nature自然natural自然的)
187.naughty淘气的
188.normal正常的
190.necessary必要itisnecessaryforsbtodosth某人有必要做某事
191.obey(遵守)break违反
192.obvious明显的obviously明显地
193.offer主动提供)offertodosth主动做某事
194.operate动手术operation手术
195.opportunity机会(=chance)
196.ordinary普通的
197.organize/organise(组织)organization组织
198.particularly特别是
199.passenger旅客
200.problem难题question问题
201.patience耐心patient耐心的;病人(patiently耐心地)
203.perfect完美(的)(perfectly)Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧
204.perform(表演)
205.perhaps或许
206.period时期
207.permit许可vtpermission许可n
208.persuaded(说服)
209.phenomenon现象phenomena现象(复数)
210.physicist物理学家
211.pilot(飞行员)
212.poisonous有毒的(poison)
213.political政治的(politics)
214.popular受欢迎的
215.population人口
216.position职位
217.possibility(-ies)可能性(possible可能的)
218.poverty贫穷n(poor贫穷的)
220.practice实践practical(可实施的,实际的)
221.prepare(准备)preparation
222.press压/按pressure(压力)
223.pretend假装pretendtodosth假装做某事
224.professor教授
225.profit利润
226.progress进步makegoodprogress进步很大
227.pronounce发音pronunciation(n.发音)
228.provide提供(比较:
supply/providesbwithsthoffersbsth提供某人某物,
229.public公众
230.purpose目的onpurpose故意地
231.quality质量/素质
232.quantity(数量
233.realize(实现vt)realityn.现实
234.receive收到
235.recently(最近=lately)
236.recycle(循环再用)
237.recognize认出
238.regards问候givemyregardstosb请带我向某人问候
239.remind提醒remindsbofsth提醒某人某物
240.repeatvt.重复(repetitionn.重复)
241.respect尊敬
242.restaurant餐馆
244.satisfaction满意(satisfy,satisfied,satisfying)
246.Saturday(星期六)
247.scientific科学的
248.scientific科学的
249.secretary秘书
250.secretly(秘密地)
251.separately单独地
252.separate(单独的adj、分开vt)
253.serious严重的(seriously)
254.serve(v)–service(n)服务
255.shortcoming缺点
256.silence安静(silent安静的-silently安静地)
257.succeed(vi)成功success(n)成功successful(adj)成功的successfully(adv)Succeedindoingsth成功做某事(=besuccessfultodosth)
258.similar类似的(similarity–ies相似之处)
259.situation形势/情况
260.slightly(稍微)
261.society社会(socialadj.社会的)
262.southern(南方的)northern北方的western西方的eastern东方的
263.special特别的
264.species物种(单复数同形)
265.spring春天
266.square平方
267.steal–stole--stolen(偷)
268.straight(直的)
269.suit合适suitable合适的
270.support支持/支撑supportthefamily养家糊口
271.surprise吃惊toone’ssurprise使某人吃惊的是besurprisedat对..感到吃惊
272.surround包围surrounding周围的surroundings环境
273.swimming(游泳n.)
276.temperature温度
284.umbrella(雨伞)
274.technique技术(technicaladj.技术的)
275.technology技术
276.theory理论intheory理论上
277.thirst渴nthirsty口渴的adj
278.thorough彻底的
289.total合计
280.traffic交通trafficjam塞车
281.translate翻译translation翻译translator翻译家
282.interpret解说,interpreter口语翻译)
283.usual平常的unusual不寻常的unusually不寻常地
284.unwilling不愿意(willingadj.愿意willn.意志)bewillingtodo愿意做?
285.vacation假期(=holiday)
286.various各种各样的(varietyn.种类)
287.victim受害者
288.victory胜利
289.vocabulary词汇
290.voyage航行
291.waste(浪费)It’sawastetodosth做某事时一种浪费
292.wealth财富
293.weather天气whether是否
294.whisper低语
295.worship崇拜